Canadians and Their Government: A Resource Guide
(i) Glossary
Note: Definitions are adapted from The Canadian Encyclopedia and the Gage Canadian Dictionary, unless otherwise noted.
Aboriginal self-government: The ability of Aboriginal governments to pass laws and make decisions about matters that affect their communities and lands, including the establishment of new governing structures and institutions, in partnership with all orders of government in Canada.
Censure: An official expression of disapproval, especially criticism or condemnation.
Confederation: Confederation refers to the birth of Canada on July 1, 1867. The word is also used to describe the events that led to Confederation. The four original provinces were Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. In a general sense, a confederation is an association of sovereign states or communities.
Constitution: A set of laws and customs by which a group of people control themselves. Most countries have written constitutions that set out the basic law of their state. The Canadian constitution is written, combining parts of Great Britain’s laws such as the Magna Carta (1215), the Bill of Rights (1689), Petition of Right (1629) and Act of Settlement (1701). Added to this are documents specifically setting out how Canada is to be run, beginning with the Royal Proclamation of 1763. The most important parts of Canada’s written Constitution include the Quebec Act of 1774, which guaranteed the use of the French language and civil law in Quebec; the Constitutional Act of 1791, which created elected assemblies in Quebec and Ontario; the British North America Act of 1867, which created the basis of the federal system and laid down the division of powers between federal and provincial governments. This Act was renamed the Constitution Act, 1867 in 1982. Other important parts of our Constitution are decisions of the Supreme Court; the Statute of Westminster of 1931; the Acts that created new provinces and territories after Confederation, for example, the Manitoba Act (1870) and the Alberta and Saskatchewan Acts (1905); the Canada Act, 1982, which was the last Act passed by Great Britain that affected Canada; and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Constitutional monarchy: A monarchy whose ruler is only entitled to the powers given to him or her by a nation through their constitution and laws. Often, the monarch fulfills more traditional and ceremonial duties.
Crown: The Crown is the term used to represent the sum total of executive powers exercised by or in the name of the Monarch, the current Queen or King of Canada.
Democracy: Describes a state in which power is held by elected representatives of the people.
Executive: The part of the government that initiates, proposes or suggests new laws and enforces them after they have been passed by the legislative body. In Canada, the executive is made up of the Governor General, the Cabinet (including the Prime Minister), and the administration, which includes all government departments, the armed forces, Crown corporations and other autonomous bodies.
Fathers of Confederation: The Fathers of Confederation were the delegates from British North America who planned Confederation and brought it about. From Canada (now Ontario and Quebec): Sir John A. Macdonald; Sir George-Étienne Cartier; Alexander T. Galt; William McDougall; Sir Hector Langevin; George Brown; Thomas D’Arcy McGee; Alexander Campbell; Sir Étienne P. Taché; Sir Oliver Mowat; J.C. Chapais; James Cockburn; W.P. Howland; Hewitt Bernard (secretary). From Nova Scotia: Sir Charles Tupper; William A. Henry; Jonathan McCully; Adams G. Archibald; Robert B. Dickey; J.W. Ritchie. From New Brunswick: Samuel L.Tilley; J.M. Johnson; William H. Steeves; E.B. Chandler; John Hamilton Gray; Peter Mitchell; Charles Fisher; R.D.Wilmot. From Prince Edward Island: John Hamilton Gray; Edward Palmer; William H. Pope; A.A. Macdonald; George Coles; T.H. Haviland; Edward Whelan. From Newfoundland: F.B.T. Carter; Ambrose Shea.
Federalism: Describes the political system in which there is more than one level of government. The responsibilities of the different levels of government in Canada are outlined in the Constitution. In Canada, the federal government is responsible for policies that affect the country as a whole, such as defence, foreign relations, and currency, among others. The provincial government is only responsible for matters within its own borders, such as education, civil law, and licenses. The municipal level of government, which is established and administered by provincial government, is responsible for matters of a purely local nature such as by-laws, property tax, garbage pickup, and snow removal.
Federation: The creation of a country (federation) by the union of a group of provinces or states. Canada and the United States of America, for example, are both federations.
Foreign Policy: The policy of an independent state in its interaction with other sovereign states. (Adapted from: www.m-w.com).
Judiciary: The branch of government that administers justice through its courts and judges. Even though the Canadian judiciary is appointed, removed and paid by the executive branch of government, it carefully protects its status as equal and independent of that branch.
Legislative branch: The branch of government that has the power and responsibility to create laws. In Canada, the federal legislative branch is bicameral, consisting of the House of Commons and the Senate. (Sometimes also referred to as Parliament).
Legislature: The group of elected representatives of a province or territory. Its federal counterpart is the House of Commons.
Parliamentary: A system of government in which the three components of Parliament – Governor General, House of Commons and the Senate – debate laws before they vote on them. These elements are composed of both elected (House of Commons) and appointed (Governor General, Senate) members.
Peacekeeping: Invented and developed by the United Nations, this technique doesn’t have a simple definition. It is in between traditional methods of resolving disputes peacefully, such as mediation and fact-finding and more forceful action, such as military intervention. Traditionally, peacekeepers have been placed between states to supervise cease-fires and, on occasion, the withdrawal of military forces. In most cases prior to the 1990s, peacekeeping operations were purely military. In recent years, peacekeeping has evolved to reflect new realities. (Adapted from: www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/peacekeeping/conflict-en.asp).
Prerogative (powers): The rights and privileges held by one individual or body. Within Canada, the prerogative of the sovereign is delegated to the Governor General on advice from the federal Cabinet, and to the Lieutenant Governors through the Governor-in-Council.
Representative government: A governing body of persons chosen by its citizens, often through election.
Responsible government: A government in which an executive Cabinet, selected from the elected members of a legislature, is the decision-making body that is responsible and accountable to the legislature. This form of government has existed in Canada since 1849 when Lord Elgin signed The Rebellions Losses Bill. This was preceded by the formation of a responsible government in Nova Scotia in 1848, largely from the efforts of newspaper publisher and politician Joseph Howe.
Self-government: The ability of a specific group of people to pass laws and make decisions about matters that affect their communities and lands, including the establishment of new governing structures and institutions, in partnership with all orders of government in Canada.
United Nations: An international organization committed to preserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN: membership now totals 192 countries. The UN has four purposes: to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights, and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. (Adapted from: www.un.org/Overview/brief.html).
(ii) Appendices
Please note at the time of publication this information was accurate and complete.
Prime Ministers of Canada
Name
Party
Terms
Sir John A. Macdonald Conservative 1867 – 1873
Alexander Mackenzie Liberal 1873 – 1878
Sir John A. Macdonald Conservative 1878 – 1891
Sir John J.C. Abbott Conservative 1891 – 1892
Sir John Sparrow Thompson Conservative 1892 – 1894
Sir Mackenzie Bowell Conservative 1894 – 1896
Sir Charles Tupper Conservative 1896
Sir Wilfrid Laurier Liberal 1896 – 1911
Sir Robert Laird Borden Conservative 1911 – 1917
Sir Robert Laird Borden Union Government 1917 – 1920
Arthur Meighen Conservative 1920 – 1921
W.L. Mackenzie King Liberal 1921 – 1926
Arthur Meighen Conservative 1926
W.L. Mackenzie King Liberal 1926 – 1930
Richard Bedford Bennett Conservative 1930 – 1935
W.L. Mackenzie King Liberal 1935 – 1948
Louis St. Laurent Liberal 1948 – 1957
John George Diefenbaker Progressive Conservative 1957 – 1963
Lester Bowles Pearson Liberal 1963 – 1968
Pierre Elliott Trudeau Liberal 1968 – 1979
Charles Joseph Clark Progressive Conservative 1979 – 1980
Pierre Elliott Trudeau Liberal 1980 – 1984
John Napier Turner Liberal 1984
Martin Brian Mulroney Progressive Conservative 1984 – 1993
Avril Kim Campbell Progressive Conservative 1993
Jean Joseph Jacques Chrétien Liberal 1993 – 2003
Paul Edgar Philippe Martin Liberal 2003 – 2006
Stephen Harper Conservative 2006 –
Governors General of Canada (1867 – Present)
Dates of Office
Governor General
1867 – 1868 The Viscount Monck
1868 – 1872 Lord Lisgar
1872 – 1878 The Earl of Dufferin
1878 – 1883 The Marquess of Lorne
1883 – 1888 The Marquess of Lansdowne
1888 – 1893 Lord Stanley
1893 – 1898 The Earl of Aberdeen
1898 – 1904 The Earl of Minto
1904 – 1911 Earl Grey
1911 – 1916 His Royal Highness The Duke of Connaught
1916 – 1921 The Duke of Devonshire
1921 – 1926 Lord Byng
1926 – 1931 The Viscount Willingdon
1931 – 1935 The Earl of Bessborough
1935 – 1940 Lord Tweedsmuir
1940 – 1946 The Earl of Athlone
1946 – 1952 The Viscount Alexander
1952 – 1959 The Right Honourable Vincent Massey
1959 – 1967 Major General the Right Honourable Georges Philias Vanier
1967 – 1974 The Right Honourable Roland Michener
1974 – 1979 The Right Honourable Jules Léger
1979 – 1984 The Right Honourable Edward Schreyer
1984 – 1990 The Right Honourable Jeanne Sauvé
1990 – 1995 The Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn
1995 – 1999 The Right Honourable Roméo LeBlanc
1999 – 2005 The Right Honourable Adrienne Clarkson
2005 – 2010 The Right Honourable Michaëlle Jean
2010 - The Right Honourable David Johnston
Commonwealth Members
There are 53 member countries of the Commonwealth. These are listed below, with the years in which they joined the Commonwealth and their constitutional status: realm indicates a Commonwealth country which retained a monarchical constitution, recognizing the Monarch as Sovereign; monarchy indicates an indigenous monarchical constitution.Country
Date
Status
Antigua and Barbuda 1981 Realm
Australia 1931 Realm
The Bahamas 1973 Realm
Bangladesh 1972 Republic
Barbados 1966 Realm
Belize 1981 Realm
Botswana 1966 Republic
Brunei Darussalam 1984 Monarchy
Cameroon 1995 Republic
Canada 1931 Realm
Cyprus 1961 Republic
Dominica 1978 Republic
Fiji Islands * 1997 Republic
Gambia, The 1965 Republic
Ghana 1957 Republic
Grenada 1974 Realm
Guyana 1966 Republic
India 1947 Republic
Jamaica 1962 Realm
Kenya 1963 Republic
Kiribati 1979 Republic
Lesotho 1966 Monarchy
Malawi 1964 Republic
Malaysia 1957 Monarchy
Maldives 1982 Republic
Malta 1964 Republic
Mauritius 1968 Republic
Mozambique 1995 Republic
Namibia 1990 Republic
Nauru ** 1968 Republic
New Zealand 1931 Realm
Nigeria 1960 Republic
Pakistan 1947 Republic
Papua New Guinea 1975 Realm
St. Kitts and Nevis 1983 Realm
St. Lucia 1979 Realm
St.Vincent and the Grenadines 1979 Realm
Samoa 1970 Realm
Seychelles 1976 Republic
Sierra Leone 1961 Republic
Singapore 1965 Republic
Solomon Islands 1978 Realm
South Africa 1931 Republic
Sri Lanka 1948 Republic
Swaziland 1968 Monarchy
United Republic of Tanzania 1961 Republic
Tonga 1970 Monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago 1962 Republic
Tuvalu 1978 Realm
United Kingdom 1931 Monarchy
Uganda 1962 Republic
Vanuatu 1980 Republic
Zambia 1964 Republic
* Fiji Islands was suspended from the Councils of the Commonwealth in December 2006 following a military coup.
** Nauru is a Member in Arrears.
Since membership can change, please see the Commonwealth “Members” webpage for the most up-to-date information: www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/142227/members
La Francophonie
In 1968, the Heads of State of the Common Organization for Africa and Madagascar (OCAM or Organisation commune africaine et malgache) moved to create an organization for cultural and technical co-operation. By 1969, twenty-eight Francophone countries opted to set up such an organization and gave the Conference of Education Ministers a mandate to work out the practical aspects of the project. On March 20, 1970, twenty-one governments signed the document giving birth to the Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT), today known as the Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie. The international Francophonie today embraces one in four countries in the world, bringing together 55 member states and 13 Observers from five continents.Albania Member (September 2006)
Andorra Member (September 2006)
Armenia Observer (November 2004)
Austria Observer (November 2004)
Belgium Member (March 1970)
Benin Member (March 1970)
Bulgaria Member (December 1993)
Burkina Faso Member (March 1970)
Burundi Member (March 1970)
Cambodia Member (December 1993)
Cameroon Member (December 1991)
Canada Member (March 1970)
Canada New Brunswick Participating government (December 1977)
Canada Quebec Participating government (October 1971)
Cape Verde Member (December 1996)
Central African Republic Member (October 1973)
Chad Member (March 1970)
Comoros Member (December 1977)
Congo Member (December 1981)
Côte d’Ivoire Member (March 1970)
Croatia Observer (November 2004)
Czech Republic Observer (October 1999)
Cyprus Associate (September 2006)
Democratic Republic of Congo Member (December 1977)
Djibouti Member (December 1977)
Dominica Member (December 1979)
Egypt Member (December 1983)
Equatorial Guinea Member (December 1989)
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Member (September 2006)
France Member (March 1970)
French Community of Belgium Member (March 1980)
Gabon Member (March 1970)
Georgia Observer (November 2004)
Ghana Associate (September 2006)
Greece Member (September 2006)
Guinea Member (December 1981)
Guinea-Bissau Member (December 1979)
Haiti Member (March 1970)
Hungary Observer (November 2004)
Laos Member (December 1991)
Lebanon Member (June 1973)
Lithuania Observer (October 1999)
Luxembourg Member (March 1970)
Madagascar Member (December 1989)
Mali Member (March 1970)
Mauritania Member (March 1980)
Mauritius Member (March 1970)
Moldova Member (February 1996)
Monaco Member (March 1970)
Morocco Member (December 1981)
Mozambique Observer (September 2006)
Niger Member (March 1970)
Poland Observer (October 1997)
Romania Member (December 1993)
Rwanda Member (March 1970)
Sao Tome and Principe Member (December 1995)
Senegal Member (March 1970)
Serbia Observer (September 2006)
Seychelles Member (June 1976)
Slovakia Observer (October 2002)
Slovenia Observer (October 1999)
St. Lucia Member (December 1981)
Switzerland Member (February 1996)
Togo Member (March 1970)
Tunisia Member (March 1970)
Ukraine Observer (September 2006)
Vanuatu Member (December 1979)
Vietnam Member (March 1970)
(iii) Useful Web Sites
Government of Canada Web sites:
Bank of Canada
www.bankofcanada.ca/en/banknotes/education/index_schools.html
Canada’s Digital Collections
www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/index-e.html
Canada International Development Agency
www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/cidaweb/acdicida.nsf/En/JUD-1181237-MZJ
Canada Post
www.canadapost.ca/personal/corporate/about/community/postal_planet/eng/index.asp
Canadian Space Agency
www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/default.asp
Canadian Wildlife Service
www.cws-scf.ec.gc.ca/theme.cfm?lang=e&category=8
Census 2006
www.statcan.ca/english/research/92-442-XIE/92-442-XIE2006001.htm
Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion
www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/sc-cs/index_e.cfm
Citizenship and Immigration
Celebrate Citizenship
www.cic.gc.ca/english/citizenship/index.asp
CITZINE
www.citzine.ca/home.php?lng=e
Department of Canadian Heritage Canadian Studies Program
www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/pec-csp/index-eng.cfm
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade
www.international.gc.ca/index.aspx
Department of Justice Canada
www.justice.gc.ca/eng/index.html
Exchanges Canada
www.exchanges.gc.ca
Elections Canada
www.elections.ca/intro.asp?section=gen&document=index&lang=e&textonly=false
Environment Canada
www.on.ec.gc.ca/glimr/classroom/intro-e.html
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/canwaters-eauxcan/bbb-lgb/index_e.asp
Health Canada
www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/jfy-spv/edu_e.html
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada
www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/edu/index-eng.asp
Library of Parliament (includes House of Commons and the Senate)
www.parl.gc.ca/common/Aboutparl.asp?Language=E&Parl=37&Ses=1
National Archives of Canada
www.archives.ca/08/08_e.html
National Atlas of Canada
www.atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/lesson_plans/index.html
National Library of Canada
www.nlc-bnc.ca/6/29/index-e.html
National Library of Canada Prime Ministers Site
www.nlc-bnc.ca/primeministers/h4-6000-e.html
Natural Resources Canada
www.seismescanada.rncan.gc.ca/gen_info/teachers_e.php
March 21: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
www.cic.gc.ca/march-21-mars/index-eng.asp
Parks Canada Agency
www.pc.gc.ca/apprendre-learn/jeunes-youths/index_e.asp
Solicitor General
www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/index-eng.shtml
Statistics Canada
www.statcan.ca/english/edu/index.htm
Supreme Court of Canada
www.scc-csc.gc.ca/education/index-eng.asp
Veterans Affairs Canada
www.vac-acc.gc.ca/youth/sub.cfm?source=teach_resources
Museums:
Canada Aviation Museum
www.aviation.technomuses.ca/schoolzone
Canada Science and Technology Museum
www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/schoolzone/index.cfm
Canadian Children’s Museum
www.civilization.ca/cmc/index_e.aspx?DetailID=20063
Canadian Heritage Information Network
www.chin.gc.ca
Canadian Museum of Civilization
www.civilization.ca/cmc/index_e.aspx?DetailID=2169
Canadian Museum of Nature
www.nature.ca
Canadian Postal Museum
www.civilization.ca/cmc/index_e.aspx?ArticleID=379
Canadian War Museum
www.museedelaguerre.ca/cwm/index_e.aspx?ArticleID=16578
Currency Museum
www.currencymuseum.ca/eng/learning/index.php
National Gallery of Canada
www.gallery.ca/english/145.htm
Virtual Museum of Canada
www.virtualmuseum.ca/English/Teacher/index.html
Virtual Museum of New France
www.civilization.ca/cmc/index_e.aspx?DetailId=6683
General Reference:
About Canada
www.canada.gc.ca/main_e.html
Canadian Archival Information Network
www.cain-rcia.ca+
Canadian History
www.linksnorth.com/canada-history
Canadian History and Culture on Suite 101
www.suite101.com/welcome.cfm/3633
CIA Factbook: World Government Types
www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2128.html
The Canadian Encyclopedia Online
www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com
Learning Sites:
Baxter’s Edunet: History
www.edunetconnect.com/cat/history.html#Specifically
Canada’s Constitutional Evolution
www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/constitution/index-e.html
Canada’s History: A Quebecois’ Perspective
www.telusplanet.net/public/dgarneau/french1.htm
Canadiana: The Canadian Resource
www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/misc/mosaic/common/omega/Web/Unofficial/Canadiana
Confederation
www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/index-e.html
Confederation for Kids
www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/confederation/jeunesse/index-e.html
C.P.A.C. in the Classroom
www.cpac.ca/forms/index.asp?dsp=template&act=view3&template_id=192&lang=e
Government at a Glance
www.canada.gc.ca/howgoc/glance_e.html
Historica Social Studies Resources
www.access.ca/home.html
Historica Resources
www.histori.ca/default.do?page=.tl_index
National Atlas of Canada: the Map Archives
www.atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/archives
Passages: A Treasure Trove of Canadian Exploration
www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/explorers/index-e.html
Pursuit of Justice Quiz
www.justice.gc.ca/eng/pi/fv-vf/fvy-vfj/quiz2.html
SchoolNet
www.snn-rdr.ca
Teaching and Learning About Canadian History
www.canadainfolink.ca/history.htm
The Prime Minister’s Teaching Site
www.pm.gc.ca/eng/feature.asp?pageId=56
Canada’s Constitution:
Comparing the Canadian and American Constitutions
www.suite101.com/article.cfm/3633/76177
Constitution Act 1982, Constitution Act 1867 (B.N.A.), Quebec Act, etc.
www.polisci.nelson.com/constitution.html
The Crown:
www.royal.gov.uk
The Governor General:
The Governor General of Canada
www.gg.ca
Lieutenant Governors and Territorial Commissioners:
Former Lieutenant Governors of Alberta and the Northwest Territories
www.assembly.ab.ca/lao/library/lt-gov/index.htm
Former Lieutenant Governors of British Columbia
www.ltgov.bc.ca/ltgov/former/former.htm
Former Lieutenant Governors of Manitoba
www.lg.gov.mb.ca/history/manitoba/index.html
Former Lieutenant Governors of New Brunswick
www.gnb.ca/lg/gov-e.asp
Former Lieutenant Governors of Newfoundland and Labrador
www.mun.ca/govhouse/previous.html
Former Lieutenant Governors of Nova Scotia
www.lt.gov.ns.ca/en/history-of-the-lieutenant-governor.aspx#past
Former Lieutenant Governors of Ontario
www.lt.gov.on.ca/en/History/Vice_RegalRepresentatives.asp?nav=7&sub=1
Former Lieutenant Governors of Prince Edward Island
www.gov.pe.ca/lg/gallery/index.php3
Former Lieutenant Governors of Quebec
www.lieutenant-gouverneur.qc.ca/histoire/predecesseurs-en.html
Former Lieutenant Governors of Saskatchewan
www.ltgov.sk.ca/history.htm
Lieutenant Governor of Alberta
www.lieutenantgovernor.ab.ca
Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia
www.ltgov.bc.ca
Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba
www.lg.gov.mb.ca
Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick
www.gnb.ca/lg
Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador
www.mun.ca/govhouse
Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia
www.lt.gov.ns.ca
Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
www.lt.gov.on.ca
Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island
www.gov.pe.ca/lg
Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
www.lieutenant-gouverneur.qc.ca/histoire/predecesseurs-en.html
Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan
www.ltgov.sk.ca
Territorial Commissioner of Nunavut
www.commissioner.gov.nu.ca/english/commissioner/speaches/commissioner_address.html
Territorial Commissioner of the Northwest Territories
Search www.gov.nt.ca for information on contacting the executive or Commissioner’s office, or www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com for “Northwest Territories Lieutenant Governors”
Territorial Commissioner of the Yukon
www.commissioner.gov.yk.ca/about/index.html
Canada, the Commonwealth and La Francophonie:
La Francophonie
www.francophonie.org
The Commonwealth
www.rcscanada.org
www.thecommonwealth.org
Aboriginal Peoples:
Aboriginal Friendship Centres of Saskatchewan
www.afcs.ca/default.html
Alberta Native Friendship Centre Association
www.albertafriendshipcentres.ca
Assembly of First Nations
www.afn.ca
BC Association of Aboriginal Friendship Centres
www.bcaafc.com
Canadian Directory of First Nations, Métis and Inuit Library Collections
library2.usask.ca/native/directory/english/index.html
Congress of Aboriginal Peoples
www.abo-peoples.org
Governance
www.fngovernance.org
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Kids Stop – General
www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/lr/ks/index-eng.asp
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
www.tapirisat.ca
Manitoba Association of Friendship Centres
www.mac.mb.ca
Métis National Council
www.metisnation.ca
Native Women’s Association of Canada
www.nwac-hq.org
National Association of Friendship Centres
www.nafc-aboriginal.com
Ontario Federation of Indian Friendship Centres
www.ofifc.org
Additional Web Sites:
www.charterofrights.ca
www.classroomconnections.ca
www.currencymuseum.ca
www.dominion.ca
www.justice.gc.ca
www.lafontaine-baldwin.com
www.parl.gc.ca
www.scc-csc.gc.ca
(iv) Provincial and Territorial Departments and Ministries of Education
From East to West
Newfoundland and Labrador
Department of Education
Confederation Building, West Block
St. John’s, NF and Labrador
A1B 4J6
Tel: 709 729-5097
Fax: 709 729-5896
www.gov.nl.ca/edu
Department of Youth Services and Post-Secondary Education
P.O. Box 8700
Confederation Building,West Block
St. John’s, NF and Labrador
A1B 4J6
Tel: 709 729-5097
Fax: 709 729-5896
www.gov.nl.ca/edu
Nova Scotia
Department of Education
Box 578
Halifax, NS
B3J 2S9
Tel: 902 424-5605 or 424-5168
Fax: 902 424-0511
www.ednet.ns.ca
Prince Edward Island
Department of Education and Early Childhood Development
Box 2000
Sullivan Building, 2nd Floor 16 Fitzroy St.
Charlottetown, PE
C1A 7N8
Tel: 902 368-4600
Fax: 902 368-4663 or 368-4622
www.gov.pe.ca/education
New Brunswick
Department of Education
P.O. Box 6000
Frederiction, NB
E3B 5H1
Tel: 506 453-3678
Fax: 506 453-3325
www.gov.nb.ca/education
Department of Training and Employment Development
P.O. Box 6000
Frederiction, NB
E3B 5H1
Tel: 506 453-2597
www.gov.nb.ca/dol-mdt
Quebec
Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport
Édifice Marie-Guyart
28e étage, 1035, rue de la Chevrotière
Quebec, QC
G1R 5A5
Tel: 418 643-7095
Fax: 418 646-6561
www.mels.gouv.qc.ca
Ontario
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities
Mowat Block
900 Bay Street
Toronto, ON
M7A 1L2
Tel: 416 325-2929; 1 800 387-5514
Fax: 416 325-6348
www.edu.gov.on.ca
Manitoba
Department of Education, Citizenship and Youth
1181 Portage Avenue
Winnipeg, MB
R3C 0T3
Tel: 204 945-7830
Fax: 204 945-8756
www.edu.gov.mb.ca
Department of Advanced Education and Literacy
162 Legislative Building
Winnipeg, MB
R3C 0V8
Tel: 204 945-0825
Fax: 204 945-2216
www.edu.gov.mb.ca
Saskatchewan
Ministry of Education
Ministry of Advance Education Employment and Labour
2220 College Avenue
Regina, SK
S4P 3V7
Tel: 306 787-7360
Fax: 306 787-0237
www.sasked.gov.sk.ca
Alberta
Alberta Education
7th Floor, Commerce Place
10155 – 102 Street
Edmonton, AB
T5J 4L5
Tel: 780 427-7219
For toll-free access, first dial 310-0000.
E-mail: comm.contact@education.gov.ab.ca
www.education.gov.ab.ca
British Columbia
Ministry of Education
P.O. Box 9156, Stn. Prov. Govt.
Victoria, BC
V8W 9H1
Tel: 250 387-4611
Fax: 250 356-5945
www.gov.bc.ca/bced
Ministry of Advanced Education and Labour Market Development
P.O. Box 9156, Stn. Prov. Govt.
Victoria, BC
V8W 9E2
Tel: 250 356-2771
Fax: 250 356-3000
www.gov.bc.ca/aved
Nunavut
Department of Education
P.O. 1000, Station 900
Government of Nunavut
SIVUMUT
Iqaluit, NU
X0A 0H0
Tel: 867 975-6529
Fax: 867 975-5095
www.gov.nu.ca/education
Northwest Territories
Department of Education, Culture and Employment
P.O. Box 1320
4501 – 50 Avenue
Yellowknife, NT
X1A 2L9
Tel: 867 920-6240
Fax: 867 873-0456
www.ece.gov.nt.ca
Yukon
Department of Education
P.O. Box 2703
Whitehorse, YK
Y1A 2C6
Tel: 867 667-5141
Fax: 867 393-6254
www.education.gov.yk.ca
(v) References
(Excluding Web sites and others mentioned throughout text and in “Additional Resources”)
Fielding, John and Social Program Evaluation Group, Queen’s University. Histor!ca: Canadian History Curricula. (October 2000).
Forsey, Eugene. How Canadians Govern Themselves. Fourth Edition (1997).
Girvan, Susan (Ed.) The Canadian Global Almanac 2001. Toronto (2000).
Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Social Studies: Canadian History 1201: A Curriculum Guide. (September 2000).
Histor!ca. Giving Our Past a Future. (Resource Binder) (2001).
McCue,Harvey and Associates. The Learning Circle: Classroom Activities on First Nations in Canada, Ages 12 to 14. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. (www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ach/lr/ks/cr/pub-eng.asp).
Researched and written by Monet, Jacques. The Canadian Crown. Toronto/Vancouver (1979).
Symbols of Canada. The Department of Canadian Heritage (1999).